A Review on Understanding the Effects and Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Salinity, along with drought, is one of the key abiotic stressors that has posed a danger to advancement and evolution cereal crops like rice wheat. Water shortage lack irrigation water availability are main causes salty soil formation. Rice salt sensitive glycophyte, wheat moderately tolerant. Wild tolerant cultivars Oryza coarctata alta more than traditional such as Pokkali Nona Bokra in rice. Salt stress affects crop plants’ processes ionic imbalance, osmotic oxidative stress. Na+ should be low shoots plant which restricted by various transporters cell membrane roots soil. High K+ & Na+/K+ homeostasis maintained. Many RILs NILs have been developed acts donor for salinity genes. FL478 recombinant inbred line candidate genes situated Saltol region chromosome 1 obtained cross between x IR29. Increase world’s population, output must increased at least 25% 2030 50% 2050.Salinity polygenic character involves several works harmony. For cultivars, we need access physiological, biochemical genetic responses helps transfer from parents elite high yielding cultivars. Especially mechanisms like, Ion equilibrium regulation, Adjustment potential, Reduction ROS, Nutrient disequilibrium, Regulation PGRs. Conventional, MABC, MAS direct gene transgenic methods. This review paper's objective understand plants effects development modern approaches fulfill food scarcity staple increasing population.